Bearbeiten von „A Literature Review: Website Design And User Engagement“

<br>Proper design has become a critical element needed to engage website and mobile application users. However, little research has been conducted to define the specific elements used in effective website and mobile application design. We attempt to review and consolidate research on effective design and to define a short list of elements frequently used in research. The design elements mentioned most frequently in the reviewed literature were navigation, graphical representation, organization, content utility, purpose, simplicity, and readability. We discuss how previous studies define and evaluate these seven elements. This review and  [http://www.tangjia7.com:8901/anibalruff344/2094top-source-media/wiki/B2B+SEO+%2526+AEO+Agency Top Source Media] the resulting short list of design elements may be used to help designers and researchers to operationalize best practices for facilitating and predicting user engagement. Internet usage has increased tremendously and rapidly in the past decade ("Internet Use Over Time," 2014). Websites have become the most important public communication portal for most, if not all, businesses and organizations. Little research, however, has been conducted to define the specific elements that constitute effective website design.<br><br><br><br>One of the key design measures is usability (International Standardization Organization, 1998). The International Standardized Organization (ISO) defines usability as the extent to which users can achieve desired tasks (e.g., access desired information or place a purchase) with effectiveness (completeness and accuracy of the task), efficiency (time spent on the task), and satisfaction (user experience) within a system. However, there is currently no consensus on how to properly operationalize and assess website usability (Lee & Kozar, 2012). For example, Nielson associates usability with learnability, efficiency, memorability, errors, and satisfaction (Nielsen, 2012). Yet, Palmer (2002) postulates that usability is determined by download time, navigation, content, interactivity, and responsiveness. Similar to usability, many other key design elements, such as scannability, readability, and visual aesthetics, have not yet been clearly defined (Bevan, 1997; Brady & Phillips, 2003; Kim, Lee, Han, & Lee, 2002), and there are no clear guidelines that individuals can follow when designing websites to increase engagement. This review sought to address that question by identifying and consolidating the key website design elements that influence user engagement according to prior research studies.<br><br><br><br>This review aimed to determine the website design elements that are most commonly shown or suggested to increase user engagement. Based on these findings, we listed and defined a short list of website design elements that best facilitate and predict user engagement. The work is thus an exploratory research providing definitions for these elements of website design and a starting point for future research to reference. We used the following combination of keywords: design, usability, and websites. Google Scholar yielded 115,000 total hits. However, due to the large list of studies generated, we decided to only review the [http://umweltklima.de/index.php?title=Benutzer:VerenaEii806459 Top Source Media] 100 listed research studies for this exploratory study. Our inclusion criteria for the studies was: (1) publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal, (2) publication in English, and (3) publication in or after 2000. Year of publication was chosen as a limiting factor so that we would have enough years of research to identify relevant studies but also have results that relate to similar styles of websites after the year 2000. We included studies that were experimental or theoretical (review papers and commentaries) in nature.<br><br><br><br>Resulting studies represented a diverse range of disciplines, including human-computer interaction, marketing, e-commerce, interface design, cognitive science, and library science. Based on these selection criteria, thirty-five unique studies remained and were included in this review. The search terms were kept simple to capture the higher level design/usability papers and allow Google scholar’s ranking method to filter out the most popular studies. This method also allowed studies from a large range of fields to be searched. The literature review uncovered 20 distinct design elements commonly discussed in research that affect user engagement. They were (1) organization - is the website logically organized, (2) content utility - is the information provided useful or interesting, (3) navigation - is the website easy to navigate, (4) graphical representation - does the website utilize icons, contrasting colors, and multimedia content, (5) purpose - does the website clearly state its purpose (i.e. personal, commercial, or educational), (6) memorable elements - does the website facilitate returning users to navigate the site effectively (e.g., through layout or graphics), (7) valid links - does the website provide valid links, (8) simplicity - is the design of the website simple, (9) impartiality - is the information provided fair and objective, (10) credibility - is the information provided credible, (11) consistency/reliability - is the website consistently designed (i.e., no changes in page layout throughout the site), (12) accuracy - is the information accurate, (13) loading speed - does the website take a long time to load, (14) security/privacy - does the website securely transmit, store, and display personal information/data, (15) interactive - can the user interact with the website (e.g., post comments or receive recommendations for similar purchases), (16) strong user control capabilities- does the website allow individuals to customize their experiences (such as the order of information they access and speed at which they browse the website), (17) readability - is the website easy to read and understand (e.g., no grammatical/spelling errors), (18) efficiency - is the information presented in a way that users can find the information they need quickly, (19) scannability - can users pick out relevant information quickly, and (20) [https://www.google.com/search?q=learnability%20- learnability -] how steep is the learning curve for using the website.<br><br><br><br>For each of the above, we calculated the proportion of studies mentioning the element. In this review, we provide a threshold value of 30%. We identified elements that were used in at least 30% of the studies and include these elements that are above the threshold on a short list of elements used in research on proper website design. The 30% value was an arbitrary threshold picked that would provide researchers and designers with a guideline list of elements described in research on effective web design. To provide further information on how to apply this list, we present specific details on how each of these elements was discussed in research so that it can be defined and operationalized. 30% threshold are not shown. Seven of the website design elements met our threshold requirement for review. Navigation was the most frequently discussed element, mentioned in 22 articles (62.86%). Twenty-one studies (60%) highlighted the importance of graphics. Fifteen studies (42.86%) emphasized good organization.<br>